by Kristine Schmucker, HCHM Curator
Today, the large building just east of Sand Creek on west First stands mostly empty, a reminder of a thriving business that revolutionized food service for the traveling public. At one time, the Historic Fred Harvey Building was an important cog in the Fred Harvey System providing fresh food for passengers and diners throughout the western part of the country. From the beginning Fred Harvey was concerned about providing quality food and drink to his customers.He insisted on fresh food and friendly, efficient service at each of his establishments. The Fred Harvey Farm provided the fresh food and drink for many restaurants in the system.
In about 1905, the Fred Harvey Company moved facilities from Kansas City, MO to Newton, KS to a location on west First near Sand Creek establishing the “Fred Harvey Farm.”
Fred Harvey Farm Complex. 525 E. First, March 1938. (lt-rt): Dairy Building, Warehouse Building with refrigeration plant on west ent and cooling tower at back; Produce Building with carbonation and poultry departments. Foreground: Mexican Section House No. 116. Mike Hurley Collection.
The Fred Harvey Farm
The large three story structure that housed the produce and carbonating plant was built in 1918. Facilities to process poultry was located on the first floor and the north side of the second floor. The carbonating and bottling plant was located on the south side of the second floor.
Fred Harvey Produce. East side of the poultry and carbonating plant. The men on the dock are hauling wooden cases of bottled pop. Mike Hurley Collection.
An Outsourcing Pioneer
At about the same time another business pioneer was developing another product. In 1891, Asa Candler, an Atlanta pharmacist, purchased the formula for a new drink, Coca-Cola. Candler took advantage of Atlanta’s position as a transportation hub by shipping only the syrup across the South. By shipping only the syrup, and not the finished product, he was able to keep costs down. The company began selling bottling franchises in 1899 and in doing so, avoided the additional costs of a physical structure that bottled the product. They also side-stepped the challenge of finding the product’s main ingredient – clean water.
In 1914 the two pioneering companies joined together when Coca-Cola issued a franchise to the Fred Harvey Co. to bottle Coca-Cola at the Newton facility.
Inside the Carbonating Plant
In Newton, a pipe from the Santa Fe stock yards supplied the water for the carbonating plant. The plant bottled Fred Harvey brand Coca-Cola, root beer, club soda, and ginger ale. Fruit-flavored soft drinks were also bottled using pure fruit juice rather than imitation flavorings.
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- Ted Reimer, assistant foreman, standing next to the bottling machine., March 1952. Mike Hurley Collection
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- Warren Boese (lt) and Ted Reimer (rt), Sept. 1954. Mike Hurley Collection.
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- Donald Botterweck (lt) Lonnie Turner (rt), at the “candle table.” March 1952. Mike Hurley Collection
As was the case in all other aspects of the Fred Harvey system, quality was stressed. Coca-Cola ran lab tests every six months to make sure that the end product was meeting their standards. A State Health Inspector would often pull a bottle at random from various cases ready to be shipped to test.
Fred Harvey Coca-Cola Bottle
The soft drinks from the Fred Harvey Farm in Newton were sold exclusively in Fred Harvey dining facilities, newsstands and on Santa Fe passenger cars.
Shipping
1918 was a peak year for Fred Harvey operations with fifty-four lunch rooms, thirty-seven dining rooms and twenty-six hotels in an area that included Chicago, California and Texas. During this time, the Fred Harvey Farm in Harvey County covered 500 acres and employed 150 people. In 1921, 60,000 gallons of milk, 20,000 gallons for cream, half a million pounds of poultry, a half a million dozens of eggs and 45,000 cases of soda were shipped.
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- Dock on the south side of building with crates ready to load, 1952. Mike Hurley Collection.
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- Elmer Hanke loading crates of pop, March 1952. Mike Hurley Collection.
The Fred Harvey Farm ceased to operate in 1960.
Fred Harvey Farm Property, 1984. Building to the left (north): Fred Harvey Produce and Carbonating Plant. Building to the right (south): Fred Harvey Dairy. Mike Hurley Collection.
Note: Fred Harvey died in 1901, but the Fred Harvey Co continued under the direction of his children. For more information on Fred Harvey see: http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/fred-harvey/15507.
Sources:
- L.Mike Hurley Collection, Photo Archives HCHM.
- Hurley, L.M. “Mike”. Newton, Kansas #1 Santa Fe Rail Hub 1871-1971. North Newton, KS: Mennonite Press, 1985.
- Levinson, Marc. “Red and White All Over”, 22 October 2014 Wall Street Journal – Book Review of Citizen Coke by Bartow J. Elmore.